US, China and Russia the top CO2 polluters since 1850, analysis finds

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historical responsibility will be a key focus for poorer, vulnerable nations which want justice for the severe climate impacts they suffer because of the emissions from big economies that have grown rich from burning fossil fuels.

The United States, China and Russia account for nearly 40 per cent of accumulated CO2 emissions from human activity. Brazil and Indonesia (ranked fourth and fifth) are responsible for another 8.6 per cent, largely because of decades of deforestation.

By the end of this year, the US will have emitted more than 509 billion tonnes of CO2 since 1850, according to the analysis. This represents 20.3 per cent of the global total, the largest share

In second place is China, with 11.4 per cent of cumulative CO2 emissions to date and around 0.1 deg C of warming. China has had high land-related emissions since 1850, but its coal-fired economic boom since 2000 is the main cause of its current position